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OECD Environmental Outlook: Environmental policy packages and 450 ppm climate case
Definitions of baseline, policy cases and 450 ppm climate case.
| pp OECD | pp OECD+BRIC | pp global | 450 ppm multigas climate policy | |
| Agriculture | Baseline | Baseline plus agricultural liberalisation between OECD and BRIC. Subsidies and tariffs are reduced by 50% by 2030: starting in year 2010, decreasing by 3% per year. This is applied to import tariffs and export subsidies between countries of OECD and BRIC (bilateral) as well as input, output and factor subsidies within OECD and BRIC countries (unilateral). | Baseline plus global agricultural liberalisation. Same as pp OECD+BRIC but applied to import tariffs and export subsidies between all countries and input, output and factor subsidies in all countries | Land productivity increases 1.6 % per year starting 2010 instead of 1 % per year in the baselin. This diminishes deforestation. |
| Climate change | Carbon tax in OECD countries, starting at US$ 25 per ton of carbon dioxide and increasing 2.4 % per year. Starting in 2012. | Carbon tax in OECD and BRIC, starting at US$ 25 per ton of carbon dioxide and increasing 2.4 % per year. OECD countries start in 2012. BRIC starting in 2020. | Carbon tax in OECD, BRIC and RoW starting at US$ 25 per ton of carbon dioxide and increasing 2.4 % per year. OECD countries start in 2012. BRIC starting in 2020. RoW starting in 2030. | Exploring the type of measures required to drastically decrease greenhouse gas emissions in order to stay within two degrees celsius warming with a 50% probability. |
| Air pollution | Development towards but not quite reaching Maximum Feasible Reduction(as defined in Cofala et al., 2005) in OECD countries. Onset and speed differentiated by region (26 regions) and sector (Transport; Power, Refineries and Industry; Domestic and other.) Phased decrease of sulphur dioxide emissions from marine shipping. | Same as pp OECD but in BRIC as well. Some countries reach target level after 2030. | Same as pp OECD and pp OECD+BRIC, but worldwide. Some low income countries reach target level long after 2030. | - |
| Water quality1) | Installing sewage treatment on new and existing sewerage systems. For existing sewage treatment, upgrading the treatment to the next best level in terms of removal of nitrogen compounds. | Same as pp OECD but in BRIC as well. | Same as pp OECD and pp OECD+BRIC, but worldwide. | - |
1): The simulations assume that
- access to improved sanitation will develop according to the baseline
- in the country groupings included in the policy package, the gap between the 2000 situation and a target of access to improved sanitation and/or access to public sewerage for all urban dwellers would be halved by 2030.
