Transformative change is needed

For land, food and biodiversity, as well as for energy, climate and air pollution, marginal improvements will not suffice to achieve long-term sustainable development goals; large, transformative changes are needed

Although the scenario analysis shows that, technically, development and environmental goals could be achieved, this would require rather bold, systemic changes. Decoupling of CO₂ emissions from economic growth needs to take place at 4% to 6% a year, compared to an annual historical rate of around 1% to 2%. In agriculture, an average annual productivity increase of around 1% would be needed. This is comparable to historical rates, but the increase would have to continue for a long time period, as well as in areas that did not have significant yield increases in the past.