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The geography of future water challenges - Background reports

These background documents provide the scientific justification of the information produced for PBL report ‘The Geography of Future Water Challenges’.

Comparing future patterns of energy system change in 2 °C scenarios to expert projections

Integrated assessment models (IAMs) are computer-based instruments used to assess the implications of human activity on the human and earth system. They are simultaneously also used to explore…

Alternative pathways to the 1.5 °C target reduce the need for negative emission technologies

Mitigation scenarios that achieve the ambitious targets included in the Paris Agreement typically rely on greenhouse gas emission reductions combined with net carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the…

Vehicle emissions and impacts of taxes and incentives in the evolution of past emissions

The analysis presented in this report was framed around two key objectives. The first was to create an inventory of the different vehicle taxation and incentive schemes in place across Europe. The…

Evaluating EDGARv4.tox2 speciated mercury emissions ex-post scenarios and their impacts on modelled global and regional wet deposition patterns

Speciated mercury gridded emissions inventories together with chemical transport models and concentration measurements are essential when investigating both the effectiveness of mitigation measures…

Natural capital accounting for the sustainable development goals

The World Bank WAVES programme supports several countries with the development of natural capital accounts (NCAs). NCAs link natural capital to a country’s system of national accounts and can also be…

Climate extremes, land–climate feedbacks and land-use forcing at 1.5°C

This article investigates projected changes in temperature and water cycle extremes at 1.5°C of global warming, and highlights the role of land processes and land-use changes (LUCs) for these…

Comparing recent suburban developments in Austria and the Netherlands

The chapter 'Comparing recent suburban developments in Austria and the Netherlands' in the book 'The Suburban Land Question: A Global Survey' describes the results of a comparative study of recent…
Report

Evaluating the use of biomass energy with carbon capture and storage in low emission scenarios

Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) is heavily relied upon in scenarios of future emissions that are consistent with limiting global mean temperature increase to 1.5 °C or 2 °C…

Future agricultural phosphorus demand according to the shared socioeconomic pathways

The five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) show similar global crop P uptake and P inputs, despite differences in population and incomes. In the sustainability scenario SSP1, the increase in P…