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Policy Summary of The Geography of Future Water Challenges - Bending the Trend

Water is a critical resource, but our freshwater resources and water systems are under heavy pressure and hundreds of millions of people are at risk of having too little, too dirty or too much water…

Analysis of cost-effective reduction pathways for major emitting countries to achieve the Paris Agreement climate goal

This report presents cost-effective greenhouse gas emission reduction pathways for major emitting economies to keep global warming below 1.5 °C or well below 2 °C, as projected from least-cost…

Energy efficiency options in the Dutch manufacturing industry

This report on energy efficiency options in the Dutch industry is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and TNO. The project aims…

Energy planning in Sub-Saharan African countries needs to explicitly consider productive uses of electricity

Studies show the role of various electrification technologies in providing electricity access to households in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on electricity demand for end-use services such as…

Credibility gap in net-zero targets leaves world at high risk

Global climate policy is undergoing a rite of passage. What used to be a conversation about ambitious target-setting now focuses increasingly on implementation and interventions to put these targets…

Uncertainty in non-CO2 greenhouse gas mitigation contributes to ambiguity in global climate policy feasibility

Despite its projected crucial role in stringent, future global climate policy, non-CO 2 greenhouse gas (NCGG) mitigation remains a large uncertain factor in climate research. A revision of the…

The role of peatland degradation, protection and restoration for climate change mitigation in the SSP scenarios

Peatlands only cover a small fraction of the global land surface (∼3%) but store large amounts of carbon (∼600 GtC). Drainage of peatlands for agriculture results in the decomposition of organic…

The impact of policy and model uncertainties on emissions projections of the Paris Agreement pledges

Tracking progress towards the Paris Agreement climate goal requires understanding the 2030 emission levels implied by countries' National Determined Contributions (NDCs). However, key uncertainties…

Analysis of Projected Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Levels in 2040 for Major Emitting Countries

This report presents a methodology aiming to identify the greenhouse gas emission reduction levels for 2040 and the corresponding greenhouse gas emission budgets for 2030–2050 necessary to achieve the…

Summary and evaluation of selected Country Climate and Development Reports of the World Bank Group

Climate change and development are closely intertwined: economic growth has caused increasing greenhouse gas emissions which impact climate change, and climate change, in turn, has a significant…