We quantified the impact of the production of energy crops on the global N cycle for the recently published OECD “Global cooperation for environmental policy” (GC) scenario. We project that large amounts of N fertilizers are needed for future production of first- and...
For some countries, the differences in historical emissions data are large. This leads to big differences in emission allocations: for 18 of the 32 countries considered, reduction targets in 2020 relative to the 2005 levels differ by more than 5 percentage points. This...
Uncertainties in energy demand modelling allow for the development of different models, but also leave room for different calibrations of a single model. We apply an automated model calibration procedure to analyse calibration uncertainty of residential sector energy use...
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) scenarios allow for describing contrasting future developments in agricultural nutrient use under changing climate for the next five decades. Massive increases in the flows of N and P are expected in all scenarios in the developing...
In the spatial planning of the Netherlands it becomes important to consider climate change. The main challenges to be incorporated in spatial strategies are: flood protection, fresh water availability, and reducing the vulnerability of nature, urban areas, and transport and...
Current trends in fossil-fuel use and inefficient land use will lead to large global environmental problems with respect to climate change and biodiversity loss. Technical and economically feasible options are available to meet the challenge to avoid these problems. The main...
The contribution of carbon to particulate matter is larger in urban areas than outside those areas. The increment in urban EC and OC concentrations was found mainly to be caused by traffic emissions. The average annual increment was about 0.5 μg/m³. As a consequence, the...
This paper constitutes the first spatially explicit, global assessment of sewage N and P emissions to surface water for the period 1970 to 2000, and the first projection of such N and P emissions for the future. This approach was developed as part of an international...
The Netherlands signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and, therefore, is bound to report its greenhouse gas emissions, on an annual basis in a National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (NIR). Within the framework of this NIR, an annual uncertainty...
This report provides the background to the vulnerability analysis in the fourth Global Environment Outlook (GEO-4), published by United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) in October 2007. It includes a more detailed elaboration of the analyses in GEO-4 and also some...
