Water is a critical resource, but our freshwater resources and water systems are under heavy pressure and hundreds of millions of people are at risk of having too little, too dirty or too much water. The pressures on water systems and the risks for people are projected to...
Two main targets of SDG 6 (Sustainable Development Goal) are to achieve universal and equitable access to improved sanitation and to halve the proportion of untreated wastewater by 2030. We compiled a global sanitation database for 200 countries for trends from 1970 till 2015...
On Wednesday 15 February 2023, PBL organised 'Ukraine’s housing recovery forum — rebuilding a place to call home’. The aim of the event was ‘sharing knowledge for action’. In this report, the authors draw lessons from that event and elaborate them further.
Measures that aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions also have impacts on achieving other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Given the enormous challenge of achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement and the SDGs, insight into these impacts provides information on how to...
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted economies, societies and livelihoods around the globe. To boost their economy and restore employment and economic activity, countries have announced huge spending packages. However, depending on the measures taken and their implementation,...
The potential impacts of climate change on various security dimensions are multifaceted. These potentially wide-spread risks have increased political concern along with scientific and security interests the last decade. The specific link between climate adaptation and...
The world is looking for ways to navigate challenges, such as climate change mitigation and adaptation, food security and biodiversity loss, in order to safeguard current and future global well-being. These challenges are complex and deeply interrelated, which means coherent...
Water stress negatively affects rural livelihoods that depend on agriculture. In some contexts, this can influence migration decisions, especially in vulnerable regions with limited adaptive capacity. In this study African regions are identified that are projected to be...
With the establishment of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), countries worldwide agreed to a prosperous, socially inclusive, and environmentally sustainable future for all. This ambition exposes a critical gap in science-based insights on how to achieve the 17 SDGs...
Interest in potential armed conflict risks following climate change impacts is increasing among scientists and policymakers. But until today, little research has been done on projecting the possible long-term conflict risks. This article provides insight in why it is so...
