The conversion of the present European economy based on fossil fuels into a more bio-based economy will probably be restricted to about 10 per cent of final energy and feedstock consumption in 2030. Sufficient supply of ecologically sustainable biomass will be critical. These...
Resource Efficiency is one of the flagship projects of the European Commission. On this subject, the expected global development of five related aspects has been mapped by the PBL: energy, land use, phosphorus (fertiliser), fresh water, and fish stocks.
To develop mitigation strategies for reducing concentrations of both PM2.5 and PM10, the origin of particulate matter (PM) needs to be established. An intensive, one-year measurement campaign from August 2007 to August 2008 was carried out to determine the composition of PM10...
Recent research has clarified a number of facts about particulate matter in the atmosphere and has overturned a number of assumptions. For example, it is now clear that a much greater proportion of particulate matter is caused by human (anthropogenic) activities than was...
The global greenhouse gas emission inventory EDGAR 4.1 for the period 1970-2005 was developed using international statistics and default methods and default emission factors from the latest 2006 IPCC guidelines for greenhouse gas emission inventories. In contrast, many...
This report constituting the Netherlands Informative Inventory Report (IIR) contains information on the inventories in the Netherlands up to 2008. It includes descriptions of methods and data sources, QA/QC activities carried out and a trend analysis.
The Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone, or Gothenburg Protocol (UNECE EB, 1999), was developed within the framework of the UN Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). This Convention was adopted in 1979 and formed the...
The N budget for Europe (excluding the former Soviet Union) indicates that the 3 principal driving forces of the acceleration of the European N cycle are fertilizer production (14 Mt (mill. tonnes) N yr−1), fossil fuel combustion and other industry (3.3 Mt N yr−1) and import...
Concerns the results of a feasibility study on the realisation of a nitrogen research programme for the local scale. This study, initiated by the Ministries of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment (VROM) and of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries (LNV), was...
