In 2017, the growth in global greenhouse gas emissions resumed at a rate of 1.3% per year, reaching 50.9 gigatonnes in CO2 equivalent. This was mainly due to emissions of CO2 and methane, which increased by 1.2%.
Mitigating climate change reduces the risk of uncertain but potentially large damage from climate change, and reduces the consequences of failing to adapt to climate change. Stringent mitigation policy leads to lower overall risks, as the uncertainty in mitigation costs is...
To date, the approaches to modelling housing preferences, have mostly been quantitative. This working paper explores an alternative approach, namely that of decision tables that focus on conditions and states leading to particular actions or decisions. The approach is...
This report on decarbonisation options for the Dutch refinery sector is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and TNO. The project aims to support industry, policymakers, analysts and the energy sector in...
There are a large number of factors that drive the success of conservation measures for habitats and species. PBL has contributed to a study to assess these drivers. The legitimate status that selected habitats and species receive under the Birds and Habitats Directives...
Rocketing rents in urban areas are likely explained by agglomeration economies. This paper investigates the impact of these external economies on commercial property values, using unique micro data on commercial rents and employment.
This explanation of the official Dutch emission data provides a clear view on applicability and verification of emission inventories in the Netherlands up to 2005. It includes descriptions and improvements of methods and data sources, QA/QC activities carried out and a trend...
In the last 25 years, air pollution in Europe has been substantially reduced. However, current reduction plans are insufficient to fully protect ecosystems and human health. These are the main conclusions of the review of the Gothenburg Protocol by the Task Force Integrated...
The PEARL model is used to evaluate the leaching of pesticide to the groundwater in support to the Dutch and European pesticide registration procedures. PEARL is an acronym for Pesticide Emission Assessment at Regional and Local scales.
Emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and ammonia are mainly from anthropogenic origin: traffic, energy production and agriculture. It was found that contributions to particulate matter from the conversion of these atmospheric compounds appear 50 per cent larger than...
