Recently, RIVM has calculated the consequences of the Marrakesh Accords. This report updates RIVM's earlier report "Evaluating the Bonn Agreement and some key issues" by incorporating the impacts taken up in the Marrakesh Accords. Compared to our previous report, the impact...
The US withdrawal has by far the greatest impact in reducing the environmental effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol, whereas the impact of the decision on sinks is comparatively small.
The five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) show similar global crop P uptake and P inputs, despite differences in population and incomes. In the sustainability scenario SSP1, the increase in P uptake comes entirely from increased production per hectare, with varying...
Global pork production has increased fourfold over the last 50 years and is expected to continue growing during the next three decades. This may have considerable implications for feed use, land requirements, and nitrogen emissions.
This study compares emission pathways aimed at limiting temperature increase to 2 degree Celsius (°C) under varying constraints. In a first set of pathways, the timing of emission reductions is such that over the 2010 – 2100 period, assuming full participation from 2013...
In this report the realized energy savings in the Netherlands for the period 1995-2002 are pre-sented for the sectors households, industry, agriculture, services, transportation, refineries and electricity and for the national level.
As part of the Copenhagen Accord, individual countries have submitted greenhouse gas reduction proposals for the year 2020. This paper analyses the implications for emission reductions, the carbon price, and abatement costs of these submissions.
The Copenhagen Accord has proven beneficial to the efforts of achieving the target of limiting global warming to two degrees Celsius. Since the climate conference was held, countries have pledged to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. These pledges could realise up to 70...
Het Kopenhagen Akkoord blijkt wezenlijk bij te dragen aan de doelstelling om de opwarming van de aarde tot twee graden te beperken. Sinds de klimaattop hebben landen toezeggingen gedaan om hun uitstoot van broeikasgassen terug te dringen. Met deze toezeggingen zou maximaal...
It is estimated that, in order to have a likely chance (over 66%) of limiting global mean temperature increase to 2 °C, annual greenhouse gas emissions need to stay around 44 gigatonnes, by 2020. If all countries fully adhere to the pledges they made in Copenhagen, annual...
