Over the past years progress has been made in understanding the linkage between air pollution with climate change. Using data available from current integrated assessment models and activities and results from EU research projects, the purpose of the present document is to...
Tax incentives have motivated motorists to opt for more fuel-efficient vehicles more often, in 15 of the studied EU Member States. CO2 emissions from new passenger vehicles, per kilometre driven, therefore, have decreased by around 1.3% between 2001 and 2010, which is about a...
Countries, worldwide, have agreed that international efforts should be aimed at keeping the global mean temperature increase below 2 °C, compared to pre-industrial levels. In order to achieve the 2 °C climate target with a likely probability (>67%), cumulative global CO2...
Biomass is an indispensable resource for a clean Dutch economy, as it is for that of many other countries. The organic material is used to replace fossil resources. This, for example, reduces resource use as well as CO2 emissions related to energy. This concept, however, is...
European power markets are being confronted with an unprecedented transition process toward a low-carbon power system. The speed and complexity of this shift are raising serious challenges and operational difficulties. This transition demands a more fundamental rethinking of...
The share of raw material costs in the total costs for producers can be calculated using different methods. This note compares two of these methods; the energy and material costs and the basic raw material costs. The basic raw material costs are lower than the energy and...
Total greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands in 2012 decreased by approximately 1.7% compared to 2011. This decrease was mainly the result of a decrease in fuel combustion in the energy sector, due to an increase in imported electricity and in road transport. In 2012,...
This report describes the methodologies, emission factors and relevant activity data used for calculating the emission of environmental pollutants from mobile sources in the Netherlands. The emissions are calculated, annually, by the Task Force on Transportation of the Dutch...
This report describes the methodologies, emission factors and relevant activity data used to calculate the emission of environmental pollutants from mobile sources in the Netherlands. The emissions are calculated, annually, by the Task Force on Transportation of the Dutch...
An 80% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, that is the EU ambition for 2050. Such a drastic reduction requires a much more vigorous renewal of our energy system. Setting a target for emission reduction alone is not sufficient. This will need to be complemented by policy...
