At the end of 2012, the European Commission presented a proposal to deal with emissions from indirect land-use change (ILUC) in the sustainability criteria for biofuels. According to PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, the proposed criteria do not guarantee the...
The ‘big’ agenda for sustainable mobility is that of climate change and natural resources. Many options to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport have been identified, however, strategic decision makers have so far not been able to make any significant...
The CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis and PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency have analysed the election manifestos of 10 political parties in the book Keuzes in Kaart 2013-2017 [Choices Outlined 2013-2017].
Two studies have analysed the costs and benefits of creating a nitrogen emission control area in the North Sea and the English Channel. Such a control area requires new ships to emit 75 percent less in nitrogen oxide, from 2016 onwards. This is expected to lead to substantial...
In 2011, the European Commission published its roadmap towards a competitive low-carbon economy for 2050. For this roadmap the possibilities of a far-reaching reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in Europe were assessed (a decrease of 80% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels)....
In the Environmental Outlook to 2050 from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) a number of scenarios and projection are used which are calculated with the IMAGE model suite. This document describes the models and modules used and their...
The conversion of the present European economy based on fossil fuels into a more bio-based economy will probably be restricted to about 10 per cent of final energy and feedstock consumption in 2030. Sufficient supply of ecologically sustainable biomass will be critical. These...
The Netherlands is capable of achieving an 80 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This is possible by implementing a mix of reduced energy demand, use of biomass, carbon capture and storage, and clean electricity generation accompanied by an increased share...
Resource Efficiency is one of the flagship projects of the European Commission. On this subject, the expected global development of five related aspects has been mapped by the PBL: energy, land use, phosphorus (fertiliser), fresh water, and fish stocks.
Recent research has clarified a number of facts about particulate matter in the atmosphere and has overturned a number of assumptions. For example, it is now clear that a much greater proportion of particulate matter is caused by human (anthropogenic) activities than was...
