We propose a framework to design economic incentives to farmers to mitigate nitrogen pollution in contrasting regions of the world. Solutions fit in the broader context of the food chain and acknowledge both their responsibilities and limitations of consumers, suppliers,...
Worldwide, more than 4 million people die prematurely every year due to ambient air pollution. This is more than from malnutrition or overweight. Particulate matter (PM2.5, particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers) in the atmosphere is the largest contributor to this mortality....
The European Green Deal is ambitious and arouses many conflicts of interest. One of the challenges is achieving coherence between policies for water, land, energy, food and climate (‘WLEFC nexus’). The Horizon 2020 project SIM4NEXUS, based on twelve case studies and modelling...
The WAVES partnership supports countries with implementing Natural Capital Accounting (NCA). At the request of the WAVES partnership, PBL has evaluated how NCA can support a ‘green’ recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. The report was prepared as input for the 5th Policy Forum...
Many measures to mitigate climate change (SDG 13) have an impact on achieving other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), often positive, but sometimes negative. This study shows how twenty promising climate mitigation measures affect the achievement of other SDGs for several...
The Netherlands has the ambition to achieve a fully circular economy by 2050. In this report, we analyse what such a transition could mean for low- and middle-income countries that are connected to the Netherlands through international value chains, focusing on transboundary...
Food is a basic necessity of life. Our food production does have a downside for the physical environment, such as biodiversity loss and climate change. By putting consumers and supply chains at the centre of food policy, new opportunities are emerging for making our daily...
Global Environmental Assessments (GEAs) provide policymakers with a knowledge base to address global environmental challenges. They synthesise scientific insights into the current state and future trends of the global environment, assess progress towards internationally...
The market shares of agricultural resources certified according to international market standards, such as Rainforest Alliance, Fair Trade and 4C, provide a view on the status of sustainability of resource supply chains to the Netherlands. In recent years, several companies...
The WAVES partnership supports several countries with the development of Natural Capital Accounts (NCAs). At the request of the WAVES partnership, PBL has evaluated how NCAs can inform Integrated Landscape Management (ILM), and vice versa, for achieving sustainable...
