Using logged trees as a bioenergy source – replacing fossil fuel – carries the risk of first increasing CO2 emissions before reducing them. It could in fact take up to 100 years before emissions begin to decrease. Using crop residues or wood waste does not have this downside,...
Het kappen van bomen voor bio-energie – als vervanging van fossiele brandstoffen - brengt het risico met zich mee dat de uitstoot van CO2 eerst vele jaren stijgt voordat deze daalt. Het kan wel 100 jaar duren voordat er sprake is van een vermindering. Rest- en afvalhout heeft...
Disasters such as floods, storms, heatwaves and droughts may have serious implications for human health and the economic development of countries. One of the main findings of this report is that disaster burdens are dominated by economic and demographic developments, rather...
Rampen als gevolg van overstromingen, stormen, droogtes en extreme hitte kunnen ernstige gevolgen hebben. Deze schades worden vooral bepaald door economische en demografische factoren en veel minder door klimaatverandering. Verder blijkt dat schade door rampen zeer ongelijk...
Verschillende indicatieve klimaatbeleidspakketten voor 2020 blijken netto gunstige neveneffecten op te leveren voor de luchtkwaliteit. De mate van de bijdrage aan de luchtkwaliteit hangt af van de specifieke invulling van het klimaatpakket. Dit eindrapport van het...
In the Environmental Outlook to 2050 from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) a number of scenarios and projection are used which are calculated with the IMAGE model suite. This document describes the models and modules used and their...
In support of the Dutch Delta Programme on Spatial Adaptation, PBL has conducted a quick scan of developments outside the Netherlands in methods to monitor the impact (output and outcome) of policies and measures in the field of climate adaptation.
The transport sector is growing fast in terms of energy use and accompanying greenhouse gas emissions. Integrated assessment models (IAMs) are used widely to analyze energy system transitions over a decadal time frame to help inform and evaluating international climate...
The occurrence of many species in the EU is expected to further decline, making it difficult to reach the 2050 policy vision. This study elaborates four ‘perspectives’ on the future of nature in the EU, in search for new approaches. The study concludes with topics for debate...
By 2050, around 70% of the world's population of 9,2 billion people is expected to live in an urban environment. Especially in developing countries this increasing population and expanding cities pose great challenges with respect to access to clean drinking water,...
