Over the last decade, the values of water have received attention both on a global level and in the Netherlands. These values include the full range of functions, benefits, (dis-)services, and risks…
The many pathways of mining impacts on biodiversity
Mining is a significant driver of biodiversity loss, with impacts expected to escalate due to rising metal demand for the energy transition. However, global assessments of mining impacts are still in…
Implications of global distributive justice principles for implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
In the era of the sixth mass extinction, reversing global biodiversity loss is of vital importance for life on Earth. In 2022, parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted the…
Impact factors for quantifying country-level terrestrial biodiversity intactness footprints (IBIF)
There is an increasing demand for consistent methods and tools to quantify biodiversity footprints: the magnitude of biodiversity loss associated with all direct and indirect impacts associated with a…
Opportunity cost estimates for spatial conservation prioritisation across terrestrial Europe
Opportunity costs of conservation represent the foregone economic benefits from using land for nature conservation rather than alternative activities. Considering opportunity costs therefore helps in…
A century of land consolidation in the Kingdom of the Netherlands: trends, drivers and lessons for future challenges
In the Netherlands and elsewhere an upsurge in the attention for rural land development can be observed. Land development is considered a key instrument in the toolbox to address the challenges rural…
Linking a biodiversity abundance metric to life cycle assessment for quantifying the biodiversity footprint of Dutch diets
The global food system is a major driver of biodiversity loss through land occupation, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient emissions, pollution, and other environmental pressures. There is a need to…
A Global Assessment of Plant and Animal Community Responses to Forest Management Over Time
Transitions to forest management that mitigate negative effects of forest use on biodiversity are required to bend the curve of biodiversity loss. To facilitate such transitions, it is vital to…
Global inland-water oxygen cycle has changed in the Anthropocene
Inland waters are an important resource, a highly diverse habitat, and a key component of global biogeochemical cycles. Oxygen plays a major role in inland-water ecosystem functioning, but long-term…
Global relationships between crop yield and pollinator abundance
Pollinators are estimated to benefit the reproduction of three-quarters of global leading crop species and contribute to 3%–8% of the total global food production. Ongoing declines in pollinator…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
