The use of composite indicators has grown vastly over the past three decades. These indicators, which combine different data sources, can help to understand risks over time and compare between countries. Users of these indicators should, however, realise that the reliability...
Effective climate policy requires information from various scientific disciplines. Here, we construct a metamodel from climate and integrated assessment models that assesses the emissions budget, costs and uncertainty sources of achieving temperature targets. By calibrating...
Urban sprawl is often portrayed as a (quasi-)natural process, as inevitable and taking place behind our backs. However, we claim that it is co-produced by government: Governments not only allow sprawl to happen, but often also incentivise and stimulate it, either knowingly or...
New synthesis shows what a wasted decade means for the climate pact made in Paris. New research shows that nations must now do much more and much faster to limit global warming to well below 2 °C, let alone 1.5 °C, as agreed in Paris.
This study investigates the progress of current mitigation actions undertaken by major emitting economies worldwide. It provides an in-depth analysis of the projected impact of currently implemented policies and compares this to the targets set by the countries in their...
In preparation for The Annual World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in January 2020, PBL Netherlands and Utrecht University, in consultation with PACE, organized an international workshop on targets for a circular economy on the 17th of January 2020.
This report on decarbonisation options for the Dutch PVC industry is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and ECN part of TNO. The project aims to support industry, policymakers, analysts and the energy...
Humanity's transformation of the nitrogen cycle has major consequences for ecosystems, climate and human health, making it one of the key environmental issues. Understanding how trends could evolve over the course of the 21st century is crucial for scientists and...
The assessment of land degradation and restoration by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services shows that land degradation across the globe is a wide and severe issue and is showing no signs of slowing down. The authors offer 10...
In this contribution, we analyze residential segregation not just on the basis of dimensions of migration background and income but also according to educational level, class fractions, labor market status, and the employment sector . We use individual-level geocoded data for...
