Access to modern, reliable and affordable energy in Africa could help address some of the social, economic, health and environmental challenges that come with the fast growing population. The continent is endowed with abundant fossil and renewable energy resources to meet the...
This report on decarbonisation options for the Dutch waste incineration industry is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and TNO. The project aims to support industry, policymakers, analysts and the energy...
Many countries have made a commitment to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by or around 2050. If some sectors have residual emissions, these must be compensated for by removing CO2 from the air and storing it. This can be done, for example, through large-scale...
Direct air capture (DAC) is critical for achieving stringent climate targets, yet the environmental implications of its large-scale deployment have not been evaluated in this context. Performing a prospective life cycle assessment for two promising technologies in a series of...
The potential impacts of climate change on various security dimensions are multifaceted. These potentially wide-spread risks have increased political concern along with scientific and security interests the last decade. The specific link between climate adaptation and...
Visualising Knowledge is the English translation of the Dutch publication: ‘Kennis verbeeld’. It marks 25 years of experience in data visualisation at PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and its predecessors, the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (MNP),...
By January 2022, 156 countries had submitted new or updated nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. This study analyses the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and macroeconomic impacts of the new NDCs.
The world is looking for ways to navigate challenges, such as climate change mitigation and adaptation, food security and biodiversity loss, in order to safeguard current and future global well-being. These challenges are complex and deeply interrelated, which means coherent...
Despite the significant volume of fiscal recovery measures announced by countries to deal with the COVID-19 crisis, most recovery plans allocate a low percentage to green recovery. We present scenarios exploring the medium- and long-term impact of the COVID-19 crisis and...
Globally, the opportunity to use COVID-19 fiscal rescue and recovery spending to accelerate the low-carbon transition has largely been missed so far: the share of low-carbon fiscal spending ranges between 0.5%–2.5% in studies considering both rescue and recovery spending and...
