In 2024 PBL started a new research program on the role of government in societal transformations to sustainability. A key role in such transformations is played by visions and processes of visioning…
A Global Assessment of Plant and Animal Community Responses to Forest Management Over Time
Transitions to forest management that mitigate negative effects of forest use on biodiversity are required to bend the curve of biodiversity loss. To facilitate such transitions, it is vital to…
Navigating the black box of fair national emissions targets
Current national emissions targets fall short of the Paris Agreement goals, prompting the need for equitable ways to close this gap. Fair emissions allowances rely on effort-sharing formulas based on…
Water-related conflict and migration: Risks and ambition pathways
This background report concerns water-related conflict and water-related migration. The results are published in Geography of future water challenges – Bending the trend. This report gives an overview…
Global inland-water oxygen cycle has changed in the Anthropocene
Inland waters are an important resource, a highly diverse habitat, and a key component of global biogeochemical cycles. Oxygen plays a major role in inland-water ecosystem functioning, but long-term…
Global relationships between crop yield and pollinator abundance
Pollinators are estimated to benefit the reproduction of three-quarters of global leading crop species and contribute to 3%–8% of the total global food production. Ongoing declines in pollinator…
This report provides an overview of how PBL implements the monitoring of circularity strategies. It delves into both the conceptual principles and backgrounds of the so-called circularity ladder (‘R…
The Integral Circular Economy Report (ICER) offers an overview of the state of the transition towards a circular economy in the Netherlands. The objective information offered in the ICER is intended…
Analysis of cost-effective reduction pathways for major emitting countries to achieve the Paris Agreement climate goal
Achieving the global climate goal of the Paris Agreement depends on collective action by individual countries, as reflected in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). To inform the next NDCs…
Demand-side strategies enable rapid and deep cuts in buildings and transport emissions to 2050
Decarbonization of energy-using sectors is essential for tackling climate change. We use an ensemble of global integrated assessment models to assess CO 2 emissions reduction potentials in buildings…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
