This report documents the Netherlands' submission of its annual greenhouse gas emission inventory for 2021, in accordance with the guidelines provided by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the European Union's Greenhouse Gas Monitoring...
This report describes the methodologies, emission factors and relevant activity data used to calculate the historical emissions of environmental pollutants from transport in the Netherlands. The emissions are calculated, annually, by the Task Force on Transportation of the...
The European Green Deal is ambitious and arouses many conflicts of interest. One of the challenges is achieving coherence between policies for water, land, energy, food and climate (‘WLEFC nexus’). The Horizon 2020 project SIM4NEXUS, based on twelve case studies and modelling...
Over 100 countries have set or are considering net-zero emissions or neutrality targets. However, most of the information on emissions neutrality (such as timing) is provided for the global level. Here, we look at national-level neutrality-years based on globally...
This report on decarbonisation options for the Dutch industrial gases production is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and TNO. The project aims to support industry, policymakers, analysts and the energy...
Low-carbon pathways consistent with the 2 °C and 1.5 °C long-term climate goals defined in the Paris Agreement are likely to induce substantial co-benefits for air pollution and associated health impacts. In this analysis, using five global integrated assessment models, we...
The European Food Safety Authority reviewed the current environmental risk assessment of iron and copper used as active substances in plant protection products. It is recommended to consider the accumulation of metals in environmental compartments (including soil) in revised...
This report on decarbonisation options for the Dutch polycarbonate industry is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and TNO. The project aims to support industry, policymakers, analysts and the energy...
This report on decarbonisation options for Dutch maltings and breweries is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and TNO. The project aims to support industry, policymakers, analysts and the energy sector in...
The global financial crisis of 2007–2008 revealed longer term systemic problems in global capitalism, two of the most prominent being the slowdown in the underlying trend in productivity growth and a rise in economic and spatial inequalities, in many advanced economies. The...
