The impact of financing cost differences on global energy and industry decarbonization
Integrated assessment models provide important insights for policymakers to formulate climate policies. In these models, emission reduction in low-income countries is often cheaper than in richer…
Unravelling biodiversity impacts of consumption: a production layer decomposition analysis for the Netherlands
Unsustainable consumption patterns, through factors like land use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and pollution, are significant drivers of global biodiversity loss. In this paper, we demonstrate the…
Sustainability transitions in an interconnected world involve more than purely technical and economic choices. Transition policies developed in one country can have consequences elsewhere, while…
Model-based scenario analysis is often used to evaluate the impact of national climate policies on global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. ‘Current Policies’ scenarios are thus normative scenarios that…
Food systems transformation would reshape global agriculture
Food systems are a major contributor to exceeding planetary boundaries and poor quality diets are a key mortality risk globally. Projected population and income growth could exacerbate these…
Inequalities in the cooling gap and energy implications of adaptation
While residential space cooling is essential to protect populations from heat-related health impacts, cooling access is expected to remain a considerable adaptation challenge throughout the 21st…
Scenarios for the Seventh Global Environment Outlook
The seventh edition of the Global Environmental Outlook (GEO-7), the flagship publication of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), provides a comprehensive assessment of the state and…
Intensified environmental policies can make the world healthier, reduce poverty, and provide long term economic growth. This is a key conclusions from the 7th Global Environmental Outlook, a…
Maps are powerful tools to communicate and discuss the content of spatial scenarios with policymakers, planners and the public. Scenario projects become more accessible when visually presented by maps…
Raw materials critical for energy, defence and digital technologies are largely extracted in low- and middle income countries, where mining is often linked to adverse social impacts. This study…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
