European policy responses to climate change: progress on mainstreaming emissions reduction and adaptation
Climate policy ‘mainstreaming’, ‘proofing’ and ‘integration’ are concepts that frequently appear in a range of EU policy discussions, most importantly in EU energy and climate policy. They reflect the…
Learning by doing - government participation in an energetic society
The essay ‘Learning by doing’ is a follow-up of ‘The Energetic Society’, a report published in 2011 by PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. The essay raised the following question among…
The potential contribution of a nitrogen emission control area to national targets under a revised EU national emission ceiling directive
A proposal by the European Commission, containing national targets for 2030 for air polluting emissions from land-based sources, allows for a restricted contribution of new emission reductions in…
Green Tax Reform - Energy Tax challenges for The Netherlands
This Policy Brief discusses energy tax policy challenges for the Netherlands, against the background of the main trade-off behind green tax reform. Recent estimates of environmental damage in relation…
Baseline projections for Latin America: base-year assumptions, key drivers and greenhouse emissions
This paper provides an overview of the base-year assumptions and baseline projections for the set of models participating in the LAMP and CLIMACAP projects. We present the range in baseline…
The roads ahead: Narratives for shared socioeconomic pathways describing world futures in the 21st century
Long-term scenarios play an important role in research on global environmental change. The climate change research community is developing new scenarios integrating future changes in climate and…
The first Netherlands National Energy Outlook reveals that objectives for renewable energy and energy saving are not yet being met. The climate target for 2020, however, will be achieved. Employment…
Existing data and knowledge gaps about air-climate inter-linkages and way forwards for improvement
Over the past years progress has been made in understanding the linkage between air pollution with climate change. Using data available from current integrated assessment models and activities and…
Vehicle taxation has made new EU passenger vehicles more fuel-efficient
Tax incentives have motivated motorists to opt for more fuel-efficient vehicles more often, in 15 of the studied EU Member States. CO 2 emissions from new passenger vehicles, per kilometre driven…
The impacts of climate change include, but are not limited to, increased heat stress, land loss due to sea level rise, and changes in agricultural productivity. These impacts have consequences for the…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
