Sensitivity analyses of the ESPON Climate framework, on the basis of the case study on flooding in the Netherlands
The ESPON Climate framework is a first attempt to develop a comprehensive methodology that integrates data and interrelations across a vast range of relevant fields in order to assess a pan-European…
Quantifying biodiversity impacts of climate change and bioenergy: the role of integrated global scenarios
The role of bioenergy in climate change mitigation is a topic of heated debate, as the demand for land may result in social and ecological conflicts. Biodiversity impacts are a key controversy, given…
Comments on the European Commission's Green Paper ‘A 2030 framework for climate and energy policies’
The European Commission has recently published a green paper titled ‘A 2030 framework for climate and energy policies’. In that document, the Commission formulated a number of questions for public…
Climate impact of transportation A model comparison
Transportation contributes to a significant and rising share of global energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore modeling future travel demand, its fuel use, and resulting CO 2 emission is…
Lessons from 15 years of experience with the dutch tax allowance for energy investment for firms
In the Netherlands, several fiscal measures exist to stimulate investments in energy saving and emission abatement technologies. This working paper reviews the Dutch Energy Investment Tax Allowance…
Methods for calculating transport emissions in the Netherlands
This report describes the methodologies, emission factors and relevant activity data used to calculate the emission of environmental pollutants from mobile sources in the Netherlands. The emissions…
EU policy options for climate and energy beyond 2020
The EU has set itself the ambition of an 80% reduction of greenhouse gases by 2050. Such a drastic reduction requires a much more vigorous renewal of the energy system. Setting a target for emission…
The functioning of the European Union (EU) emission trading system (ETS) is under debate. Although the ETS guarantees emission reductions by 2020, the current low prices fuel doubts about whether it…
Adaptation to extreme weather: identifying different societal perspectives in the Netherlands
The intensity and occurrence of extreme weather events are expected to change with climate change. This change necessitates adaptive responses to extreme events, which need to take into account…
The role of negative CO2 emissions for reaching 2 °C-insights from integrated assessment modelling
Limiting climate change to 2 °C with a high probability requires reducing cumulative emissions to about 1600 Gigatonne CO 2 over the 2000–2100 period. This requires unprecedented rates of…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
