What drives the ecological quality of surface waters? A review of 11 predictive modeling tools
What policy is needed to ensure that good-quality water is available for both people’s needs and the environ-ment? The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), which came into force in 2000, established a…
Climate change, biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystems are linked and all have devastating consequences for our economic and social stability, health and human well-being. Working with nature…
Indebted to nature. Exploring biodiversity risks for the Dutch financial sector
Biodiversity loss has a certain impact on the economy and, therefore, also on the financial sector. This motivated DNB, the Dutch central bank, and PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency to…
Assessment of biodiversity measurement approaches for business and financial institutions
Measurement of biodiversity performance by businesses and financial institutions is rapidly gaining attention. In parallel, there is a growing demand for more transparency in business performance with…
Growers, buyers and suppliers have not been sufficiently successful in reducing the use of chemical plant protection products. Policy is needed, by both the government and the sector, to stop the…
Natural capital accounting for mainstreaming biodiversity in public policy
The World Bank WAVES programme supports several countries with the development of natural capital accounts (NCAs). NCAs link natural capital to a country’s system of national accounts and can also be…
Nitrogen leaching from natural ecosystems under global change: a modelling study
To study global nitrogen (N) leaching from natural ecosystems under changing N deposition, climate, and atmospheric CO 2 , we performed a factorial model experiment for the period 1901–2006 with the N…
New EU-scale environmental scenarios until 2050 – Scenario process and initial scenario applications
As part of the Openness project, new EU scenarios focusing on natural capital and ecosystem services were developed. These were applied at different regional socio-environmental conditions…
Exploring future changes in land use and land condition and the impacts on food, water, climate change and biodiversity: Scenarios for the UNCCD Global Land Outlook
The pressure on land is growing in many regions of the world, due to the increasing demand for arable crops, meat and dairy products, bio-energy and timber, and is exacerbated by land degradation and…
How natural capital delivers ecosystem services: A typology derived from a systematic review
To help decision-makers understand the links between natural capital and ecosystem services (i.e. nature’s contribution to people) a simple typology was developed showing how attributes of natural…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
