Public Design of Urban Sprawl: Governments and the Extension of the Urban Fabric in Flanders and the Netherlands
Urban sprawl is often portrayed as a (quasi-)natural process, as inevitable and taking place behind our backs. However, we claim that it is co-produced by government: Governments not only allow sprawl…
The implications of re-exports for gravity equation estimation, NAFTA and Brexit
This paper illustrates the importance of taking into account re-exports. It shows that not taking into account re-exports causes estimates from the gravity model (the standard economic trade model) to…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
