Mid-century emission pathways in Japan associated with the global 2 °C goal: national and global models’ assessments based on carbon budgets
This study assesses Japan’s mid-century low-emission pathways using both national and global integrated assessment models in the common mitigation scenario framework, based on the carbon budgets…
Hydropower dependency and climate change in sub-Saharan Africa: A nexus framework and evidence-based review
In sub-Saharan Africa, 160 million grid-connected electricity consumers live in countries where hydropower accounts for over 50% of total power supply. A warmer climate with more frequent and intense…
Towards Universal Access to Clean Cooking Solutions in Sub-Saharan Africa
A transition away from the use of fuelwood and charcoal for cooking can prevent hundreds of thousands of premature deaths caused by household air pollution. This study explores various policy options…
First forcing estimates from the future CMIP6 scenarios of anthropogenic aerosol optical properties and an associated Twomey effect
We present the first forcing interpretation of the future anthropogenic aerosol scenarios of CMIP6 with the simple plumes parameterisation MACv2-SP. The nine scenarios for 2015 to 2100 are based on…
Implementation of EU water policies benefits from synergies within the nexus between water, energy, land, food and climate
At the European Union level, there is a strong policy coherence between water policies and those on land, agriculture, energy and climate. More advantage could be taken of synergies between these…
Policy coherence of the EU Common Agricultural Policy within the nexus between water, energy, land, food and climate depends on policy implementation
There is great technical potential for the agricultural sector to contribute to the improvement of water, land and landscape management, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and an efficient use…
Global Environment Outlook 6: Healthy Planet, healthy People
The world is not on track to achieve internationally agreed environmental targets, such as those outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement. To get back on track…
The Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate requested PBL to conduct an update on SDE+ base amounts and grid connection costs of offshore wind energy in the Netherlands, based on current market…
SIM4NEXUS - Policy success stories in the water-land-energy-food-climate nexus
A framework for good nexus governance was developed based on literature and cases. Successful nexus policy has many dimensions and is multi scale. It concerns the whole policy cycle and depends on…
Natural capital accounting for mainstreaming climate change in decision-making
The World Bank WAVES programme supports several countries with the development of natural capital accounts (NCAs). NCAs link natural capital to a country’s system of national accounts and can also be…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
