Management, regulation and environmental impacts of nitrogen fertilization in north-western Europe under the Nitrates Directive; a benchmark study
Implementation of the EU Nitrates Directive and its environmental impacts were compared for Member States in the north-west of the European Union (Ireland, United Kingdom, Denmark, the Netherlands…
Assessing the Impact of Soil Degradation on Food Production
Continuing soil degradation is a threat to future food security. Nevertheless, current degradation assessments give divergent and unverified outcomes. A comprehensive approach is required for a better…
The long-term relationship between land use and employment on industrial sites in the Netherlands
Popular forecasting models for long-term planning of industrial sites assume a strong linear relationship between employment and land use. New Dutch panel data for 1997 to 2008 were used to test this…
Reform of the EU Common Agricultural Policy: Environmental impacts in developing countries
The proposed reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) will have little impact in developing countries. This is the conclusion by the PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency…
The price of protein: Review of land use and carbon footprints from Life cycle assessments of animal food products and their substitutes
Sources of protein in our diet, such as meat, dairy products and seafood can have significant environmental impacts. There are however very large differences between products, both in land requirement…
Food security in sub-Saharan Africa: An explorative study
The agricultural production potential of sub-Saharan Africa would be sufficient to make the region food secure. Concerted and region-specific policies are needed to conserve and enhance the natural…
European-scale modelling of groundwater denitrification and associated N2O production
This paper presents a spatially explicit model for simulating the transport of nitrogen (N) and the denitrification and associated production of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) in groundwater, with a one…
Including CO2 implications of land occupation in LCAs-method and example for livestock products
Until recently, life cycle assessments (LCAs) have only addressed the direct greenhouse gas emissions along a process chain, but ignored the CO 2 emissions of landuse. However, for agricultural…
Greening the CAP: An analysis of the effects of the European Commission’s proposals for the Common Agricultural Policy 2014–2020
The impact of the proposed greening measures of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the sustainable development of agriculture appears to be relatively small. Member States must assign 30…
Evaluation of the Dutch policy document on sustainable crop protection
Water quality has improved due to legislation on crop protection. However, policy objectives for ecological quality of surface waters and drinking water, as set in the Dutch policy document on…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
