The picture of Africa’s increasing dependence on imports and large-scale agricultural expansion to keep up its food supply needs nuancing. Domestic production increase was the dominant factor for food…
The PBL study Subsiding soils, rising costs provides a clear-cut overview of the impact of peatland subsidence and possible measures for both rural and urban areas. A directed policy adopted now may…
The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: the Last Millennium, Scientific Objective and Experimental Design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations
The pre-industrial millennium is among the periods selected by the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP) for experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model…
Valuation of CO2 emissions in CBA: implications of the scenario study Welfare, Prosperity and the Human Environment
The scenario study Welfare, Prosperity and the Human Environment (WLO) forecasts long-term developments on four topics, climate being one of them. The study’s climate scenarios have been constructed…
Assessing uncertainties in global cropland futures using a conditional probabilistic modelling framework
We present a modelling framework to simulate probabilistic futures of global cropland areas that are conditional on the SSP (shared socio-economic pathway) scenarios. Simulations are based on the…
Carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere (CDR)—also known as 'negative emissions'—features prominently in most 2 °C scenarios and has been under increased scrutiny by scientists, citizens, and…
Fiscal Policy and CO2 Emissions of New Passenger Cars in the EU
Tax incentives have motivated motorists to opt for more fuel-efficient vehicles more often, in 15 of the studied EU Member States. CO 2 emissions from new passenger vehicles, per kilometre driven…
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the “global carbon budget” – is important to…
Global and regional abatement costs of INDCs and of enhanced action to levels well below 2 °C and 1.5 °C
Under the Paris Agreement, countries agreed to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Current climate action plans would deliver half the…
Although the target of 16% renewable energy by 2023, as set in the Dutch Energy Agreement, is within sight, the National Energy Outlook (NEV) 2016 shows that the target of 14% renewable energy by 2020…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
