Backcasting as a tool for sustainable transport policy making: the environmentally sustainable transport study in the Netherlands
This paper describes the backcasting approach used in the OECD's Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) Study, in which several countries participated. The backcasting approach can be seen as an…
Sectoral CO2 emissions in the Netherlands up to 2010. Update of the Reference Projection for Policy-making on Indicative Targets
This ECN/RIVM-report presents the future sectoral emissions, including industry and energy supply. The results have been used to set indicative targets for sectoral CO 2 emissions. The results have…
Nitrate leaching by atmospheric N deposition to upper groundwater in the sandy regions of the Netherlands in 1990
The European Community asks its Member States to provide a comprehensive and coherent overview of their groundwater chemical status. It is stated that simple conceptual models are necessary to allow…
Economic and environmental effects of the manure policy in the Netherlands: synthesis of integrated ex-post and ex-ante evaluation
This paper summarises the results of both an ex-post evaluation of the Dutch Mineral Accounting System (MINAS) and an ex-ante evaluation of the effect of different levy-free surplus values.
Exploring the ancillary benefits of the Kyoto Protocol for air pollution in Europe
This report explores the potential ancillary benefits for air pollution - in terms of reductions in pollutant emissions and changes in control costs and environmental impacts - resulting from…
The problem of the future: sustainability science and scenario analysis
Unsustainable tendencies in the co-evolution of human and natural systems have stimulated a search for new approaches to understanding complex problems of environment and development.
Critical loads of acidity for surface waters in south-central Ontario, Canada: regional application of the first-order acidity balance (FAB) model
Major sulphur emission control programs have been implemented in North America, resulting in current emissions being ∼30% less than those in 1980. However, the level of acidic deposition remaining is…
In this study ways are explored to increase the policy coherence between the climate regime and a selected number of climate relevant policy areas, by adding a non-climate policy track to national and…
Environmental risk limits for antifouling substances
In 1989, the EU restricted the use of tributyl-tin (TBT) and the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) decided for a world-wide ban on TBT in 2003. As a replacement for TBT, new antifouling agents…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
