Policy coherence recommendations to the European Green Deal
Implementation of the European Green Deal ‘will require intense coordination to exploit the available synergies across all political areas’. A nexus analysis that assesses potential synergies and…
Food is a basic necessity of life. Our food production does have a downside for the physical environment, such as biodiversity loss and climate change. By putting consumers and supply chains at the…
The impact of urbanisation on food systems in West and East Africa
Urbanisation is a major driver of societal, environmental and economic change in both West and East Africa, affecting all aspects of food systems. This policy report provides insights into the current…
Global Environmental Assessments (GEAs) provide policymakers with a knowledge base to address global environmental challenges. They synthesise scientific insights into the current state and future…
Keeping global environmental assessments fit for purpose
Global environmental assessments play an important role in environmental governance. They provide insights in causes and consequences of environmental change, as well as possible solutions, by…
Accounting for environmental damage by material production and use
The environmental damage related to the production and use of materials is one of the main motives behind the wide interest in the transition to a circular economy. This study investigates the…
Integrated landscape management and natural capital accounting: working together for sustainable development
The WAVES partnership supports several countries with the development of Natural Capital Accounts (NCAs). At the request of the WAVES partnership, PBL has evaluated how NCAs can inform Integrated…
Allocating planetary boundaries to large economies: Distributional consequences of alternative perspectives on distributive fairness
The planetary boundaries (PBs) framework proposes global quantitative precautionary limits for human perturbation of nine critical Earth system processes. Together they define a global safe operating…
Analysing interactions among Sustainable Development Goals with Integrated Assessment Models
To achieve all Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, it is necessary to understand how they interact with each other. Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) represent many human–environment…
In many countries, governments are looking for ways to change their economy into one that is circular, or to improve the level of resource efficiency (e.g. see the EU programme ‘Closing the loop’ or…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
