Global and regional abatement costs of INDCs and of enhanced action to levels well below 2 °C and 1.5 °C
Under the Paris Agreement, countries agreed to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Current climate action plans would deliver half the…
The impacts of climate change include, but are not limited to, increased heat stress, land loss due to sea level rise, and changes in agricultural productivity. These impacts have consequences for the…
Climate and Energy Roadmaps towards 2050 in north-western Europe
Although energy markets are interlinked and energy companies operate internationally, European countries have a strong national focus in their climate and energy policies. Countries have little regard…
The IMAGE Model Suite used for the OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050
In the Environmental Outlook to 2050 from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) a number of scenarios and projection are used which are calculated with the IMAGE model…
Special issue of Climatic Change journal on the RCP released
A new Special issue of the journal Climatic Change describes four new key scenarios for the climate research community: the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCPs). The RCPs describe a wide range…
Options to accelerate ozone recovery: ozone and climate benefits
Hypothetical reductions in future emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and N 2 O are evaluated in terms of effects on equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), globally-averaged…
The N budget for Europe (excluding the former Soviet Union) indicates that the 3 principal driving forces of the acceleration of the European N cycle are fertilizer production (14 Mt (mill. tonnes) N…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
