Publications

Resource Efficiency is one of the flagship projects of the European Commission. On this subject, the expected global development of five related aspects has been mapped by the PBL: energy, land use…

Global nutrient surpluses will continue to increase in the next fifty years. This will lead to larger amounts of nutrients in soil and surface waters, disrupting ecosystems and harming biodiversity.

Hydrogen is named as possible energy carrier for future energy systems. However, the impact of large-scale hydrogen use on the atmosphere is uncertain. Application of hydrogen in clean fuel cells…

Nitrogen pollution costs the European Union between €70 billion and €320 billion per year. This cost is more than double the value that nitrogen fertilizers are estimated to add to European farm…

For the last five years, scientists across Europe have chronicled the little-known nitrogen dilemma and the threats it poses to our environment and health – as well as how we can solve the problem.

To develop mitigation strategies for reducing concentrations of both PM 2.5 and PM 10 , the origin of particulate matter (PM) needs to be established. An intensive, one-year measurement campaign from…

The trend in particulate matter (PM 10 ) and its most important constituents does not contradict the developments in registered emissions. At first glance there appears a contradiction;…

Particulate matter has a negative impact on human health and plays a role in climate change. To develop effective mitigation strategies to reduce the concentrations of both PM 2.5 and PM 10 one needs…

Recent research has clarified a number of facts about particulate matter in the atmosphere and has overturned a number of assumptions. For example, it is now clear that a much greater proportion of…

In the past, no unnecessary policy measures have been taken to reduce acidification (acid rain). Although the severity of acidification has declined because of policy implementation, acidification…