Climate impact of transportation A model comparison
Transportation contributes to a significant and rising share of global energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore modeling future travel demand, its fuel use, and resulting CO 2 emission is…
Methods for calculating transport emissions in the Netherlands
This report describes the methodologies, emission factors and relevant activity data used to calculate the emission of environmental pollutants from mobile sources in the Netherlands. The emissions…
The functioning of the European Union (EU) emission trading system (ETS) is under debate. Although the ETS guarantees emission reductions by 2020, the current low prices fuel doubts about whether it…
Influence of travel behavior on global CO2 emissions
Travel demand is rising steeply and its contribution to global CO 2 emissions is increasing. Different studies have shown possible mitigation through technological options, but so far few studies have…
Emissions of transboundary air pollutants in the Netherlands, 1990–2011: Netherlands Informative Inventory Report 2013
Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in the Netherlands decreased in 2011, for the first time to a level below the cap set by the European Union for 2010. Hereby, the Netherlands complies with all…
Comments on the EC proposal for amendment of the Renewable Energy and Fuel Quality Directives
At the end of 2012, the European Commission presented a proposal to deal with emissions from indirect land-use change (ILUC) in the sustainability criteria for biofuels. According to PBL Netherlands…
Use and effectiveness of economic instruments in the decarbonisation of passenger cars
The European Commission aims at a 60% reduction in CO 2 emissions from transport by 2050 compared to 1990 levels. The Commission stresses that the decarbonisation of the transport sector depends…
Evaluation of the European Commission’s proposal to set aside emission allowances
A set-aside of CO 2 allowances would reduce the current oversupply in the European Emissions Trading System (ETS). This would result in temporary higher CO 2 prices. However, a literature study has…
Climate and Energy Roadmaps towards 2050 in north-western Europe
Although energy markets are interlinked and energy companies operate internationally, European countries have a strong national focus in their climate and energy policies. Countries have little regard…
Shifting Gear: Beyond Classical Mobility Policies and Urban Planning
The ‘big’ agenda for sustainable mobility is that of climate change and natural resources. Many options to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport have been identified, however…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
