The Copenhagen Accord: abatement costs and carbon prices resulting from the submissions
As part of the Copenhagen Accord, individual countries have submitted greenhouse gas reduction proposals for the year 2020. This paper analyses the implications for emission reductions, the carbon…
Holocene carbon emissions as a result of anthropogenic land cover change
Humans have altered the Earth’s land surface since the Paleolithic mainly by clearing woody vegetation first to improve hunting and gathering opportunities, and later to provide agricultural cropland…
The use of scenarios as the basis for combined assessment of climate change mitigation and adaptation
Scenarios are used to explore the consequences of different adaptation and mitigation strategies under uncertainty. In this paper, two scenarios are used to explore developments with no mitigation…
Uncertainty and risk in climate projections for the 21st century
There are by now many studies on estimation of uncertainty of climate system properties and model parameters but still only few on probabilistic climate projections. Moreover, most of these studies…
The relationship between short-term emissions and long-term concentration targets
The relationship between long-term climate goals and short/medium-term emission targets forms crucial information for the design of international climate policy. Since IPCC’s 4th Assessment Report…
Impact of future land use and land cover changes on atmospheric chemistry‐climate interactions
To demonstrate potential future consequences of land cover and land use changes beyond those for physical climate and the carbon cycle, we present an analysis of large-scale impacts of land cover and…
Policy research programme on particulate matter. Main results and policy consequences
Recent research has clarified a number of facts about particulate matter in the atmosphere and has overturned a number of assumptions. For example, it is now clear that a much greater proportion of…
How to deal with indirect land-use change in the EU Renewable Energy Directive?
Biofuels based on agricultural crops have the risk of causing indirect land use change with substantial greenhouse gas emissions. European policy to stimulate innovative solutions without these…
Application of the IPCC uncertainty methods to EDGAR 4.1 global greenhouse gas inventories
The global greenhouse gas emission inventory EDGAR 4.1 for the period 1970-2005 was developed using international statistics and default methods and default emission factors from the latest 2006 IPCC…
Adaptation strategy for climate-proofing biodiversity
Nature areas in the Netherlands are vulnerable to the consequences of climate change. Under implementation of the current nature policy, sustainable conservation of all plant- and animal species in…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
