PBL has conducted a study into the possibilities of improving the management of natural capital through sustainable trade chains, in the regions that produce soya, palm oil, cacao and wood. Certified tropical resource production takes natural capital into account to a larger...
This paper integrates two complementary life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies aimed at advicing facility managers on the sustainable use of disposable or reusable cups. Study-1 compares three disposable cups, i.e., from fossil-based polystyrene (PS), biobased and compostable...
The Sustainable Development Goals need to go beyond the cockpit and address not only governments, but also other potential agents of change such as business, cities, citizens and civil society.
Imported natural resources and products, such as coffee, timber, palm oil, cacao, fish and soya, increasingly more often carry a sustainability label, based on the certification of production processes according to production standards. Promoting the use of standards for...
Cost-benefit analysis can be used to provide guidance for emerging policy priorities in reducing nitrogen (N) pollution. The results support the priority for further reduction in NH3 and NOx emissions from transport and agriculture beyond commitments recently agreed in...
Sources of protein in our diet, such as meat, dairy products and seafood can have significant environmental impacts. There are however very large differences between products, both in land requirement and in carbon footprint. The PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment...
'The world continues to speed down an unsustainable path despite over 500 internationally agreed goals and objectives to support the sustainable management of the environment and improve human wellbeing. However, meeting an ambitious set of sustainability targets by the...
In a multi-region input-output (MRIO) model, national input-output tables, representing financial transactions between economic sectors within a country, and trade flow tables, showing the value of exports and imports by country and economic sectors, are linked together in...
Current high prices of food, oil and many other resources are indications of increasing scarcity. This scarcity, however, has little to do with stock depletion. Badly functioning markets and wrong policy reactions play a particularly important role. For most resources, global...
This paper identifies a number of internal and external governance issues influencing the EU's capacity to bring itself and the rest of the world on a more sustainable path. By using different possible scenarios for the EU, it points out that their viability is contingent on...
