Global inland-water oxygen cycle has changed in the Anthropocene
Inland waters are an important resource, a highly diverse habitat, and a key component of global biogeochemical cycles. Oxygen plays a major role in inland-water ecosystem functioning, but long-term…
Global relationships between crop yield and pollinator abundance
Pollinators are estimated to benefit the reproduction of three-quarters of global leading crop species and contribute to 3%–8% of the total global food production. Ongoing declines in pollinator…
This report provides an overview of how PBL implements the monitoring of circularity strategies. It delves into both the conceptual principles and backgrounds of the so-called circularity ladder (‘R…
The Integral Circular Economy Report (ICER) offers an overview of the state of the transition towards a circular economy in the Netherlands. The objective information offered in the ICER is intended…
Analysis of cost-effective reduction pathways for major emitting countries to achieve the Paris Agreement climate goal
Achieving the global climate goal of the Paris Agreement depends on collective action by individual countries, as reflected in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). To inform the next NDCs…
Demand-side strategies enable rapid and deep cuts in buildings and transport emissions to 2050
Decarbonization of energy-using sectors is essential for tackling climate change. We use an ensemble of global integrated assessment models to assess CO 2 emissions reduction potentials in buildings…
Nutrient transport from the Ganga–Brahmaputra–Meghna River system to the Bay of Bengal: past and future trends
The Ganga–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) river basin is a lifeline for the livelihoods and well-being of millions of inhabitants. It has been experiencing increasing nutrient emissions from anthropogenic…
Electricity- and hydrogen-driven energy system sector-coupling in net-zero CO2 emission pathways
Electricity- and hydrogen-based sector coupling contributes to realizing the transition towards greenhouse gas neutrality in the European energy system. Energy system and integrated assessment models…
Uncertainties around net-zero climate targets have major impact on emissions and climate projections
Globally, more than 100 countries have adopted net-zero targets. Most studies agree on how this increases the chance of keeping end-of-century global warming below 2°C. However, they typically make…
Extended producer responsibility for energy transition technologies
Solar panels, wind turbines and electric vehicle batteries are at the core of the energy transition. However, the rapid market growth of these products poses new challenges for the management of…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
