Exploring SSP land-use dynamics using the IMAGE model: Regional and gridded scenarios of land-use change and land-based climate change mitigation
Projected increases in population, income and consumption rates are expected to lead to rising pressure on the land system. Ambitions to limit global warming to 2 °C or even 1.5 °C could also lead to…
Unpacking the nexus: Different spatial scales for water, food and energy
Recent years have shown increased awareness that the use of the basic resources water, food, and energy are highly interconnected (referred to as a ‘nexus’). Spatial scales are an important but…
Understanding the social geographies of urban regions
Economic restructuring and changing demographic and migration patterns have significantly altered the composition of the population in urban regions. Although there is evidence of employees in various…
Renewable energy generation and energy saving are increasing, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions are decreasing. However, various targets for energy and climate for 2020, will not be…
Trends in global CO2 and total greenhouse gas emissions: 2017 report
CO 2 emissions and total global greenhouse gas emissions are reported for 2016. Total global greenhouse gas emissions continued to increase by about 0.5% in 2016, reaching 49.3 gigatonnes in CO 2…
Nitrogen leaching from natural ecosystems under global change: a modelling study
To study global nitrogen (N) leaching from natural ecosystems under changing N deposition, climate, and atmospheric CO 2 , we performed a factorial model experiment for the period 1901–2006 with the N…
Global partnerships for inclusive and sustainable agricultural development
It is crucial that, over the next decades, substantial investments are made in agricultural productivity improvement and food security in the developing world. Public–private partnerships are to play…
Perspectives on the Future of Nature in Europe: Visualisation
During the development of the perspectives on European nature, for the Nature Outlook project, several visualisation techniques were combined: photographs, icons, thematic maps, artist impressions…
Innovating Spatial Planning in China: Dutch planning experience in view of China's challenges and opportunities
This study was carried out in the context of international cooperation in the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED). The CCICED is an advisory board for…
The new urban agenda - Opportunities for inclusive and green urbanisation
The United Nations New Urban Agenda recognises the role of cities in achieving its sustainable development goals. It, however, also acknowledges that cities in developing countries often lack the…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
