Long-term climate policy targets and implications for 2030
Countries, worldwide, have agreed that international efforts should be aimed at keeping the global mean temperature increase below 2 °C, compared to pre-industrial levels. In order to achieve the 2 °C…
Reflections on coordination mechanisms for accommodating increasing amounts of wind and solar in the power market
European power markets are being confronted with an unprecedented transition process toward a low-carbon power system. The speed and complexity of this shift are raising serious challenges and…
Greenhouse gas emission reduction targets for 2030
A greenhouse gas reduction target of 40% below 1990 levels for 2030 for the European Union, to be achieved within Europe, would not necessarily be sufficient for achieving the target of limiting…
The IMAGE Model Suite used for the OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050
In the Environmental Outlook to 2050 from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) a number of scenarios and projection are used which are calculated with the IMAGE model…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
