Identifying the indirect effects of bio-energy production
Bio-energy has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Indirect effects might partly or even completely undo this advantage. Indirect land use change (ILUC) – leading to emissions and…
Including adaptation costs and climate change damages in evaluating post-2012 burden-sharing regimes
Many studies have been published to evaluate the consequences of different post-2012 emission allocation regimes on regional mitigation costs. This paper goes one step further and evaluates not only…
A global model for residential energy use: Uncertainty in calibration to regional data
Uncertainties in energy demand modelling allow for the development of different models, but also leave room for different calibrations of a single model. We apply an automated model calibration…
Traffic emissions of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) and their contribution to PM2.5 and PM10 urban background concentrations
The contribution of carbon to particulate matter is larger in urban areas than outside those areas. The increment in urban EC and OC concentrations was found mainly to be caused by traffic emissions…
Transport scenarios for the Netherlands for 2030. A description of the scenarios for the OECD project 'Environmental Sustainable Transport'
The Environmental Sustainable Transport (EST) project contains a business-as-usual scenario and three EST scenarios: one 'high-technology' scenario containing only technological changes, one 'capacity…
Deposition of base-cations in Europe and its role in acid neutralization and forest nutrition
In considering acidification problems, emphasis is seldom placed on the role of deposition of base-cations such as Na + , Mg 2 + , Ca 2 + and K + . Besides their ability to neutralize acid input, base…
Nitrogen pollution on the local and regional scale: the present state of knowledge and research needs
Concerns the results of a feasibility study on the realisation of a nitrogen research programme for the local scale. This study, initiated by the Ministries of Housing, Physical Planning and…
A model-based approach to the calculation of global warming potentials (GWP)
The Global Warming Potential (GWP) of greenhouse gas emissions can be defined as a greenhouse pendant to the Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP). Global Warming Potentials are calculated for the most…
Temperature increasing potentials (TIPS) for greenhouse gases
In order to develop long-term environmental goals with respect to global climate change an index to compare the temperature increasing effect of greenhouse gas emissions is needed. In this report for…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
