As part of the Paris Agreement, countries worldwide committed to limiting global warming to well-below 2°C and to pursuing effort to limit the increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. While high…
Land remains a blind spot in tracking progress under the Paris Agreement due to lack of data comparability
Land carbon fluxes are key to the Paris Agreement. However, data comparability issues persist between countries’ land greenhouse gas inventories and mitigation targets, and what land models…
Linking a biodiversity abundance metric to life cycle assessment for quantifying the biodiversity footprint of Dutch diets
The global food system is a major driver of biodiversity loss through land occupation, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient emissions, pollution, and other environmental pressures. There is a need to…
The Integral Circular Economy Report (ICER) offers an overview of the state of the transition towards a circular economy in the Netherlands. The objective information offered in the ICER is intended…
Money for nothing? Revisiting scrappage subsidy programmes
Mitigating climate change and environmental damage requires households and firms to replace polluting and energy inefficient technologies with much cleaner and more efficient ones. Governments…
Raw materials critical for energy, defence and digital technologies are largely extracted in low- and middle income countries, where mining is often linked to adverse social impacts. This study…
In 2024 PBL started a new research program on the role of government in societal transformations to sustainability. A key role in such transformations is played by visions and processes of visioning…
A Global Assessment of Plant and Animal Community Responses to Forest Management Over Time
Transitions to forest management that mitigate negative effects of forest use on biodiversity are required to bend the curve of biodiversity loss. To facilitate such transitions, it is vital to…
Navigating the black box of fair national emissions targets
Current national emissions targets fall short of the Paris Agreement goals, prompting the need for equitable ways to close this gap. Fair emissions allowances rely on effort-sharing formulas based on…
Water-related conflict and migration: Risks and ambition pathways
This background report concerns water-related conflict and water-related migration. The results are published in Geography of future water challenges – Bending the trend. This report gives an overview…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
