The bridge to net zero matters more than the destination
Countries have started setting their own national net-zero targets. While net-zero targets establish long-term ambitions, countries’ mid-term targets, as outlined in their Nationally Determined…
Policy mixes for sustainable development pathways: representation in integrated assessment models
The Paris Agreement on climate change and the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development require unprecedented transformations to sustainability, while maximising synergies and minimising trade-offs…
Just transitions: Conceptual tools for policy reflection
The need to balance environmental and social objectives is increasingly included in sustainability agendas at all levels – from local to global. This has given rise to the concept of a 'just…
Quantifying food security and mitigation risks consequential to climate change impacts on crop yields
Climate change is expected to impact crop yields globally, with some regions benefiting from favorable conditions and CO 2 fertilization, while others face adverse effects from altered precipitation…
Costs and benefits of synthetic nitrogen for global cereal production in 2015 and in 2050 under contrasting scenarios
Increased use of synthetic N fertiliser has boosted global cereal grain production, but has also led to a massive increase of reactive N loss and environmental impacts. This paper quantifies the…
How the Russian–Ukrainian war reshapes the climate policy context
The Russian military aggression against Ukraine has had significant global impacts on energy security, economy and geopolitics. The 2022 global energy crisis raises questions about how the war affects…
Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network - The database (version 0.4)
This document describes version 0.4 of the database of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network). The database contains information on current energy and…
Climate and Energy Outlook of the Netherlands 2024
The greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands are projected to decrease with 44-52% in 2030, relative to 1990 levels, based on adopted and proposed policy. The probability that the Netherlands will…
Multimodel and Multiconstituent Scenario Construction for Future Water Quality
Freshwater pollution is, together with climate change, one of today’s most severe and pervasive threats to the global environment. Comprehensive and spatially explicit scenarios covering a wide range…
A purpose-oriented, multi-stakeholder and multi-evidence-based biodiversity global review: rationale, modalities & gaps
The Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), which got adopted at COP15 of the Convention on Biological Diversity, sets ambitious targets and goals to improve biodiversity globally. Additionally, it was…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
