This report presents cost-effective greenhouse gas emission reduction pathways for major emitting economies to keep global warming below 1.5 °C or well below 2 °C, as projected from least-cost scenarios of integrated assessment models in the IPCC AR6 scenario database.
This report on energy efficiency options in the Dutch industry is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and TNO. The project aims to support industry, policymakers, analysts and the energy sector in their...
Direct intervention in the size of livestock herds is not considered a main option in European agricultural policies nor in policy option studies. Nevertheless, livestock buyout schemes have been announced by governments in recent years, most notably in the Netherlands and in...
Studies show the role of various electrification technologies in providing electricity access to households in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on electricity demand for end-use services such as lighting, cooking, heating, cooling and other appliance use. The demand for...
Global climate policy is undergoing a rite of passage. What used to be a conversation about ambitious target-setting now focuses increasingly on implementation and interventions to put these targets in good stead. This liminal transition from ambition to implementation is...
Despite its projected crucial role in stringent, future global climate policy, non-CO2 greenhouse gas (NCGG) mitigation remains a large uncertain factor in climate research. A revision of the estimated mitigation potential has implications for the feasibility of global...
In December 2022, governments adopted the Kunming – Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework at the Conference of the Parties (CoP) of the UN Biodiversity Convention (CBD). Development cooperation policies have a key role to play in the GBF and the Netherlands has indicated it...
Tracking progress towards the Paris Agreement climate goal requires understanding the 2030 emission levels implied by countries' National Determined Contributions (NDCs). However, key uncertainties and assumptions impact greenhouse gas (GHG) emission projections implied by...
On Wednesday 15 February 2023, PBL organised 'Ukraine’s housing recovery forum — rebuilding a place to call home’. The aim of the event was ‘sharing knowledge for action’. In this report, the authors draw lessons from that event and elaborate them further.
This report presents a methodology aiming to identify the greenhouse gas emission reduction levels for 2040 and the corresponding greenhouse gas emission budgets for 2030–2050 necessary to achieve the Paris targets for maximum global temperature increases of 1.5 °C and well...
