Exploring IMAGE model scenarios that keep greenhouse gas radiative forcing below 3 W/m2 in 2100
A high probability of limiting temperature increase to 2 °C requires a radiative forcing below 3 W/m², around the end of this century, according to current knowledge. This paper identifies conditions…
Global Nutrient Export from WaterSheds 2 (NEWS 2): Model development and implementation
NEWS 2 can be used as an effective tool to examine the impact of polices to reduce coastal eutrophication at regional to global scales. Continued enhancements will focus on the incorporation of other…
Netherlands in the Future. Second Sustainability Outlook, the physical living environment in the Netherlands
The Netherlands has to fit all of its housing, employment and transport onto a relative small land surface area, while maintaining the quality of the living environment and the landscape. The way to…
Contribution of secondary inorganic aerosols to PM10 and PM2.5 in the Netherlands; measurements and modelling results
Emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and ammonia are mainly from anthropogenic origin: traffic, energy production and agriculture. It was found that contributions to particulate matter from…
Dealing with surplus emissions in the climate negotiations after Copenhagen: What are the options for compromise?
Our analysis suggests that maximal revenues for surplus-holding countries arise by releasing only a limited amount of surplus credits to the market. The institutionalisation of this effect could be a…
Assessing an IPCC assessment. An analysis of statements on projected regional impacts in the 2007 report
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency has found no errors that would undermine the main conclusions in the 2007 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on possible…
The authors of this article build a theoretical model that relates house price, city size and the expected future growth of demand for housing. The model combines the Alonso-Mills model on urban…
Despite the continued economic crisis, global emissions of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, have remained constant in 2009, as strong increases in CO 2 emissions from fast-growing developing…
The siginficance of organic compounds for the nitrogen deposition in the Netherlands
In the Netherlands, nearly all wet nitrogen deposition occurs in the form of ammonium and nitrate. Such is the main conclusion from a study of non-routinely measured forms of nitrogen in precipitation…
The yield gap of global grain production: A spatial analysis
Global grain production has increased dramatically during the past 50 years, mainly as a consequence of intensified land management and introduction of new technologies. For the future, a strong…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
