Setting national emission ceilings for air pollutants: policy lessons from an ex-post evaluation of the Gothenburg Protocol
The Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone, or Gothenburg Protocol (UNECE EB, 1999), was developed within the framework of the UN Convention on Long Range Transboundary…
Consequences of the cultivation of energy crops for the global nitrogen cycle
We quantified the impact of the production of energy crops on the global N cycle for the recently published OECD “Global cooperation for environmental policy” (GC) scenario. We project that large…
Human alteration of the global nitrogen and phosphorus soil balances for the period 1970–2050
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) scenarios allow for describing contrasting future developments in agricultural nutrient use under changing climate for the next five decades. Massive…
Attainability of PM2.5 air quality standards, situation for the Netherlands in a European context
It is likely that the air quality standards for PM2.5 will be met in time under current and proposed national and European policies, assuming average meteorological conditions. In 2015, the…
Global nitrogen and phosphate in urban wastewater for the period 1970 to 2050
This paper constitutes the first spatially explicit, global assessment of sewage N and P emissions to surface water for the period 1970 to 2000, and the first projection of such N and P emissions for…
Global patterns of dissolved silica export to the coastal zone: Results from a spatially explicit global model
This study presents a model for river export of dissolved SiO 2 , with river-basin spatial scale and an annual temporal scale. The model is based on four variables with a significant influence on DSi…
From forest to waste: assessment of the Brazilian soybean chain, using nitrogen as a marker
With economic growth, urbanization and changing diets, world demand for plant-derived oils and their derivates is soaring. Oils are used inter alia in the food, feed and cosmetics industry, and…
A framework to identify appropriate spatial and temporal scales for modeling N flows from watersheds
Many different large-scalewatershed nitrogen (N) flowmodels exist, which describe processes related to the horizontal movement of N through large drainage networks of river basins. Equations of such…
The future of vascular plant diversity under four global scenarios
Biodiversity is of crucial importance for ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Using quantitative projections of changes in land use and climate from the four Millennium Ecosystem Assessment…
Denitritication across landscapes and waterscapes: a synthesis
Both newly fixed N and recycled N (e.g., manure) are processed by terrestrial ecosystems. A substantial portion of this recycled N is subsequently transferred to groundwater, wetlands, lakes, rivers…
Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving
