In support of the Dutch Delta Programme on Spatial Adaptation, PBL has conducted a quick scan of developments outside the Netherlands in methods to monitor the impact (output and outcome) of policies and measures in the field of climate adaptation.
These background documents provide the scientific justification of the information produced for PBL report ‘The Geography of Future Water Challenges’.
Since large financial flows will be needed to keep GMSTs (global mean surface temperatures) below 2.0 °C, it is important to know how GMST has progressed since pre-industrial times. We performed an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis where datasets and model choices have...
Globally, agriculture and related land use change contributed about 17% of the world’s anthropogenic GHG emissions in 2010 (8.4 GtCO2e yr−1), making GHG mitigation in the agriculture sector critical to meeting the Paris Agreement’s 2°C goal. This article proposes a range of...
Renewable energy generation and energy saving are increasing, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions are decreasing. However, various targets for energy and climate for 2020, will not be achieved. The pathway to a sustainable energy supply, over time, requires that...
China’s envisaged green transition would help achieve environmental goals in China and globally. However, China could sharpen its ambition and rethink some options, to achieve its targets under the Paris Climate Agreement in a cost-effective way. This is the main conclusion...
China is entering a crucial period of economic transformation, largely triggered by environmental issues. Chinese advisors are formulating a policy framework to guide this vast, complex and decades-long transformation. Meanwhile, PBL has made a start with assessing the...
By ratifying the Paris Climate Agreement, the Netherlands has committed to pursuing an ambitious climate policy. There are various methods for translating global targets into national policy objectives. This report shows that, for 2030, corresponding to around 50% to 55% for...
The UN Climate Change Conference in Bonn (COP23) is the next step for governments to implement the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement. PBL Netherlands Environmental Asessment Agency contributes to this process with several studies and reports on climate change that not only support...
There are several important factors that influence the size of the carbon budgets that are consistent with the ambition of the Paris Climate Agreement ‘to limit global temperature increase to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, and to pursue efforts to limit this...
