Accounting for environmental damage by material production and use
The environmental damage related to the production and use of materials is one of the main motives behind the wide interest in the transition to a circular economy. This study investigates the…
In many countries, governments are looking for ways to change their economy into one that is circular, or to improve the level of resource efficiency (e.g. see the EU programme ‘Closing the loop’ or…
How could sustainable trade contribute to the conservation of natural capital? The effects of certifying tropical resource production on ecosystem services
PBL has conducted a study into the possibilities of improving the management of natural capital through sustainable trade chains, in the regions that produce soya, palm oil, cacao and wood. Certified…
Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving
