Lessons from temporal and spatial patterns in global use of N and P fertilizer on cropland
Many high-income countries have experienced excessive nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs from fertilizer and animal manure in crop production in the 1970s and 1980s. Landscapes have a nutrient…
BioScore 2.0, a species-by-species model to assess anthropogenic impacts on terrestrial biodiversity in Europe
The BioScore 2.0 model analyses impacts of human-induced pressures on European terrestrial biodiversity. The model can be used for scenario analysis and the assessment of policy options. This report…
Building Bridges from the Present to Desired Futures - Evaluating Approaches for Visioning and Backcasting
Backcasting explores how to reach ambitious societal goals--- identifying strategic choices and windows of opportunity. After early applications in the 1980s, this approach to scenario analysis is now…
Assessing uncertainties in global cropland futures using a conditional probabilistic modelling framework
We present a modelling framework to simulate probabilistic futures of global cropland areas that are conditional on the SSP (shared socio-economic pathway) scenarios. Simulations are based on the…
Climate Change Will Make Recovery from Eutrophication More Difficult in Shallow Danish Lake Søbygaard
Many lakes around the world suffer from nuisance algal blooms and biodiversity loss, caused by excess nutrient loading. Recent studies indicate that these problems are aggravated by the ongoing global…
Future aerosol emissions: a multi-model comparison
This paper compares projections over the twenty-first century of SO 2 , BC, and OC emissions from three technologically detailed, long-term integrated assessment models. The character of the…
How could sustainable trade contribute to the conservation of natural capital? The effects of certifying tropical resource production on ecosystem services
PBL has conducted a study into the possibilities of improving the management of natural capital through sustainable trade chains, in the regions that produce soya, palm oil, cacao and wood. Certified…
Exploring synergies between climate and air quality policies using long-term global and regional emission scenarios
In this paper, we present ten scenarios developed using the IMAGE framework (Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment) to explore how different assumptions on future climate and air pollution…
Emissions of transboundary air pollutants in the Netherlands, 1990–2014: Netherlands Informative Inventory Report 2016
Ammonia emission levels in the Netherlands increased in 2014. These levels do not comply with the Dutch national emission ceiling for ammonia as set by the European Union, which entered into force in…
Why Danish pig farms have far more land and pigs than Dutch farms? Implications for feed supply, manure recycling and production costs
An average Danish pig farm has 3500 pigs, 170 ha of agricultural land, whereas a typical Dutch pig farm has 2500 pigs with only 10 ha. The main factors for the contrasting development are a stronger…
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