Comparing future patterns of energy system change in 2 °C scenarios to expert projections
Integrated assessment models (IAMs) are computer-based instruments used to assess the implications of human activity on the human and earth system. They are simultaneously also used to explore…
Vehicle emissions and impacts of taxes and incentives in the evolution of past emissions
The analysis presented in this report was framed around two key objectives. The first was to create an inventory of the different vehicle taxation and incentive schemes in place across Europe. The…
Climate extremes, land–climate feedbacks and land-use forcing at 1.5°C
This article investigates projected changes in temperature and water cycle extremes at 1.5°C of global warming, and highlights the role of land processes and land-use changes (LUCs) for these…
Future agricultural phosphorus demand according to the shared socioeconomic pathways
The five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) show similar global crop P uptake and P inputs, despite differences in population and incomes. In the sustainability scenario SSP1, the increase in P…
Uncertain Environmental Footprint of Current and Future Battery Electric Vehicles
The future environmental impacts of battery electric vehicles (EVs) are very important given their expected dominance in future transport systems. Previous studies have shown these impacts to be…
Assessing future reactive nitrogen inputs into global croplands based on the shared socioeconomic pathways
Only under the most optimistic sustainability scenario, the global synthetic fertilizer use in croplands stabilizes or even shrinks in the coming decades. In the most pessimistic fragmentation…
Scenarios for Demand Growth of Metals in Electricity Generation Technologies, Cars, and Electronic Appliances
This study provides scenarios toward 2050 for the demand of five metals in electricity production, cars, and electronic appliances. The metals considered are copper, tantalum, neodymium, cobalt, and…
Scenarios towards limiting global mean temperature increase below 1.5 °C
The 2015 Paris Agreement calls for countries to pursue efforts to limit global-mean temperature rise to 1.5 °C. The transition pathways that can meet such a target have not, however, been extensively…
Limited emission reductions from fuel subsidy removal except in energy-exporting regions
Hopes are high that removing fossil fuel subsidies could help to mitigate climate change by discouraging inefficient energy consumption and levelling the playing field for renewable energy. In…
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