Identifying regional drivers of future land-based biodiversity footprints
Biodiversity footprints quantify the impacts on ecosystems caused by final consumption in a region, accounting for imports and exports. Up to now, footprint analyses have typically been applied to…
Costs of avoiding net negative emissions under a carbon budget
The 2 °C and 1.5 °C temperature targets of the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as targets never to be exceeded, or as end-of-century targets. Recent literature proposes to move away from the latter…
Persistent inequality in economically optimal climate policies
Benefit-cost analyses of climate policies by integrated assessment models have generated conflicting assessments. Two critical issues affecting social welfare are regional heterogeneity and inequality…
A framework for national scenarios with varying emission reductions
National-level climate actions will be vital in achieving global temperature goals in the coming decades. Near-term (2025–2030) plans are laid out in Nationally Determined Contributions; the next step…
Greenhouse gas emission scenarios in nine key non-G20 countries: an assessment of progress toward 2030 climate targets
This study compares greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions projections in 2030 under current policies and those under 2030 mitigation targets for nine key non-G20 countries, that collectively account for…
Integrated assessment model diagnostics: key indicators and model evolution
Integrated assessment models (IAMs) form a prime tool in informing about climate mitigation strategies. Diagnostic indicators that allow comparison across these models can help describe and explain…
On the optimality of 2°C targets and a decomposition of uncertainty
The overall target of climate policy and the timing of emission reductions are key policy issues. The high degree of uncertainty in key aspects, such as climate damage, mitigation costs and socio…
The role of regulatory, market and governance risk for electricity access investment in sub-Saharan Africa
Achieving universal electricity access in sub-Saharan Africa – a milestone of SDG 7 – requires about $30bn annually until 2030 on the top of baseline investment. The private sector plays a key role in…
Regional variation in the effectiveness of methane-based and land-based climate mitigation options
Scenarios avoiding global warming greater than 1.5 or 2 ∘ C, as stipulated in the Paris Agreement, may require the combined mitigation of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions alongside enhancing…
Critical adjustment of land mitigation pathways for assessing countries’ climate progress
Mitigation pathways by Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) describe future emissions that keep global warming below specific temperature limits and are compared with countries’ collective greenhouse…
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