This study compares emission pathways aimed at limiting temperature increase to 2 degree Celsius (°C) under varying constraints. In a first set of pathways, the timing of emission reductions is such that over the 2010 – 2100 period, assuming full participation from 2013...
This report on decarbonisation options for the industry cluster Botlek/Pernis Rotterdam is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and TNO. The project aims to support industry, policymakers, analysts and the...
We assess the fairness and ambition level of the EU’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) of reducing domestic greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 % relative to 1990.
On current unconditional pledges, the world is heading for a 3.2°C temperature rise, according to the 2019 edition of UNEP’s annual Emissions Gap Report. Technologies and policy knowledge exist to cut emissions, but transformations must begin now. Researchers at PBL were...
In addition to the evaluation of the city deals in the Netherlands carried out by PBL in 2017, David Evers, Marloes Dignum and David Hamers have now published an article for an international scholarly audience. In this article, we answer the question to what extent city deals...
This report on decarbonisation options for the Dutch waste incineration industry is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and TNO. The project aims to support industry, policymakers, analysts and the energy...
The bottom-up approach of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in the Paris Agreement has led countries to self-determine their greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets. The planned ‘ratcheting-up’ process, which aims to ensure that the NDCs comply with the...
Access to modern, reliable and affordable energy in Africa could help address some of the social, economic, health and environmental challenges that come with the fast growing population. The continent is endowed with abundant fossil and renewable energy resources to meet the...
Under current unconditional pledges, the world is heading for a 3.2 °C temperature rise, according to the 2019 edition of UNEP’s annual Emissions Gap Report. The technologies and policy knowledge on how to reduce emissions are available, but transformations must begin today....
Many countries have made a commitment to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by or around 2050. If some sectors have residual emissions, these must be compensated for by removing CO2 from the air and storing it. This can be done, for example, through large-scale...
