What can we learn from EU-ETS?
This paper in the Spring 2020 ifo DICE Report on carbon pricing discusses lessons that other regions could learn from European Union’s effort to implement carbon pricing through EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS).
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Developments in monitoring climate change adaptation in urban areas. Quick scan of experiences outside the Netherlands.
In support of the Dutch Delta Programme on Spatial Adaptation, PBL has conducted a quick scan of developments outside the Netherlands in methods to monitor the impact (output and outcome) of policies and measures in the field of climate adaptation.
The geography of future water challenges - Background reports
These background documents provide the scientific justification of the information produced for PBL report ‘The Geography of Future Water Challenges’.
Signal detection in global mean temperatures after Paris: an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis
Since large financial flows will be needed to keep GMSTs (global mean surface temperatures) below 2.0 °C, it is important to know how GMST has progressed since pre-industrial times. We performed an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis where datasets and model choices have...
Exploring SSP land-use dynamics using the IMAGE model: Regional and gridded scenarios of land-use change and land-based climate change mitigation
Projected increases in population, income and consumption rates are expected to lead to rising pressure on the land system. Ambitions to limit global warming to 2 °C or even 1.5 °C could also lead to additional pressures from land-based mitigation measures such as bioenergy...
The worldwide context of China’s Green Transition to 2050
China is entering a crucial period of economic transformation, largely triggered by environmental issues. Chinese advisors are formulating a policy framework to guide this vast, complex and decades-long transformation. Meanwhile, PBL has made a start with assessing the...
European nature in the plural
The occurrence of many species in the EU is expected to further decline, making it difficult to reach the 2050 policy vision. This study elaborates four ‘perspectives’ on the future of nature in the EU, in search for new approaches. The study concludes with topics for debate...
Global and regional abatement costs of INDCs and of enhanced action to levels well below 2 °C and 1.5 °C
Under the Paris Agreement, countries agreed to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Current climate action plans would deliver half the emission reductions required by 2030 to achieve the 2 °C objective. However, the...
Decomposing passenger transport futures: Comparing results of global integrated assessment models
The transport sector is growing fast in terms of energy use and accompanying greenhouse gas emissions. Integrated assessment models (IAMs) are used widely to analyze energy system transitions over a decadal time frame to help inform and evaluating international climate...
Climate plans could reduce emissions significantly, yet still fall short of 2 °C
Climate plans submitted by countries in the run-up to the Paris Summit could deliver significant reductions in the emission of greenhouse gases. Without new climate policies, the world would emit about 65 GtCO2 equivalents by 2030. The unconditional INDCs (Intended Nationally...
