Although energy markets are interlinked and energy companies operate internationally, European countries have a strong national focus in their climate and energy policies. Countries have little regard for the impact of their national policy measures on neighbouring countries...
In the Environmental Outlook to 2050 from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) a number of scenarios and projection are used which are calculated with the IMAGE model suite. This document describes the models and modules used and their...
'Resource efficiency' is één van de ‘vlaggenschip’ projecten van de Europese Commissie. het Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving heeft de verwachte ontwikkeling van vijf belangrijke aspecten hiervan op wereldschaal in kaart gebracht: energie, landgebruik, fosfor (voor kunstmest),...
The BioScore 2.0 model analyses impacts of human-induced pressures on European terrestrial biodiversity. The model can be used for scenario analysis and the assessment of policy options. This report provides a detailed description of the methodology and examples of the...
The environmental damage related to the production and use of materials is one of the main motives behind the wide interest in the transition to a circular economy. This study investigates the monetary damage related to emissions to the atmosphere in seven EU Member States...
Volgens de Meststoffenwet ontvangt de Tweede Kamer minstens eens per 5 jaar een verslag over de doeltreffendheid en effecten van de wet in de praktijk. Uit de Evaluatie Meststoffenwet 2016 - die de periode 2006-2014 beslaat – blijkt dat het mestbeleid de waterkwaliteit de...
Historical trends and levels of nitrogen (N) budgets and emissions to air and water in the European Union and the United States are markedly different. Agro-environmental policy approaches also differ, with emphasis on voluntary or incentive-based schemes in the United States...
In deze notitie beantwoordt het PBL vijf vragen rond nutriënten, waterkwaliteit en bronnen die de kwaliteit van het water ongunstig kunnen beïnvloeden. Ook bespreken we de kwantificering van de beleidsopgave die daaruit volgt. In de context daarvan gaan we in op een aantal...
Under the Paris Agreement, countries agreed to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Current climate action plans would deliver half the emission reductions required by 2030 to achieve the 2 °C objective. However, the...
Livestock production systems currently occupy around 28% of the land surface of the European Union (equivalent to 65% of the agricultural land). In conjunction with other human activities, livestock production systems affect water, air and soil quality, global climate and...
