The residential sector currently accounts for one fifth of global energy use and corresponding greenhouse gas emissions, largely driven by increasing demand for space heating and cooling. Climate change mitigation action requires these to reduce, but the exact decarbonization...
At the request of the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, PBL identifies possible objectives for a circular economy. Changes in the way raw materials are used may contribute substantially to solving various major social issues, such as the impact of climate...
Many countries have indicated to plan or consider the use of carbon pricing. Model-based scenarios are used to inform policymakers about emissions pathways and cost-effective carbon prices. Many of these scenarios are based on the Hotelling rule, assuming that a carbon price...
Interest in potential armed conflict risks following climate change impacts is increasing among scientists and policymakers. But until today, little research has been done on projecting the possible long-term conflict risks. This article provides insight in why it is so...
This report on decarbonisation options for the Dutch activated carbon production is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and TNO. The project aims to support industry, policymakers, analysts and the energy...
This document describes the database of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network). The database contains information on current energy and material consumption of the manufacturing industry in the Netherlands and options for...
The supply of phosphorous is crucial to food security. Future phosphorous management will therefore play an important role in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2, zero hunger). However, in many tropical countries, phosphorous fixing soils and very low historical...
The Netherlands has the ambition to achieve a fully circular economy by 2050. At the request of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, we explore what such a transition could mean for low- and middle-income countries that are connected to the Netherlands through international...
The post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), which is expected to be agreed under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in April 2022, calls for a credible ‘whole of society’ approach if we are to bend the curve on biodiversity loss. The “Action Agenda for...
Many European countries have witnessed new immigration patterns in the past two decades through the gradual enlargement of the European Union. While migration motives and labour market positions of EU migrants are well-understood, relatively little is known about their...
