The market shares of agricultural resources certified according to international market standards, such as Rainforest Alliance, Fair Trade and 4C, provide a view on the status of sustainability of resource supply chains to the Netherlands. In recent years, several companies...
The year 2021 will see the kick-off of the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration — a culmination of growing global attention, agreements, and ambitions for restoration and improved land management. This technical note provides the methodology behind the database on...
This report on decarbonisation options for large volume organic chemicals production, Shell Moerdijk is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and TNO. The project aims to support industry, policymakers,...
Implementation of the European Green Deal ‘will require intense coordination to exploit the available synergies across all political areas’. A nexus analysis that assesses potential synergies and trade-offs between policies, can support policy coherence. Political choices...
The year 2021 will see the kick-off of the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration — a culmination of growing global attention, agreements, and ambitions for restoration and improved land management. This policy brief gives a global overview of countries’ restoration...
Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) have gained a prominent role in the climate science-policy interface. The article reconstructs the evolution of IAMs and their changing role in this interface, investigating how and why IAMs have become so prominent.
This is the summary of the Climate and Energy Outlook 2020 (Klimaat- en Energieverkenning). The Climate and Energy Outlook describes greenhouse gas emission development in the Netherlands, in accordance with the Climate Act, up to and including 2030.
Limiting warming to well below 2°C requires rapid and complete decarbonisation of energy systems. We compare economy-wide modelling of 1.5°C and 2°C scenarios with sector-focused analyses of four critical sectors that are difficult to decarbonise: aviation, shipping, road...
At the end of 2020, the United Kingdom will leave the European Union (Brexit). This will have certain major and different impacts on the competitive position of Dutch provinces and economic sectors. The effects of a Brexit will be greatest in the United Kingdom, and of the...
This report on decarbonisation options for the chemical industry is part of the MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) initiated by PBL and TNO. The project aims to support industry, policymakers, analysts and the energy sector in their...
