This document describes the new research and development strategy for the IMAGE Framework, for the 2015–2020 period, based on current and emerging research and policy questions. The document sets out…
The English translation of the ‘Balans van de Leefomgeving 2014’ (Assessment of the Human Environment 2014) is now available. It contains statistical information and analyses of recent developments in…
Long-term climate policy targets and implications for 2030
Countries, worldwide, have agreed that international efforts should be aimed at keeping the global mean temperature increase below 2 °C, compared to pre-industrial levels. In order to achieve the 2 °C…
Reflections on coordination mechanisms for accommodating increasing amounts of wind and solar in the power market
European power markets are being confronted with an unprecedented transition process toward a low-carbon power system. The speed and complexity of this shift are raising serious challenges and…
Integrated Assessment of Global Environmental Change with IMAGE 3.0 - Model description and policy applications
The IMAGE integrated assessment modelling framework has been developed to understand how global, long-term environmental change and sustainability problems develop over time, driven by human…
The effects of Climate Change in the Netherlands: 2012
Although climate change is expected to continue, its negative impacts for the Netherlands appear manageable. Here, most climatic changes will take place more gradual than in many other regions, thus…
Greenhouse gas emission reduction targets for 2030
A greenhouse gas reduction target of 40% below 1990 levels for 2030 for the European Union, to be achieved within Europe, would not necessarily be sufficient for achieving the target of limiting…
On 24 September 2012, the PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency presented its second biannual ‘Assessment of the Human Environment’ to outgoing Minister of Infrastructure and the Environment…
Analysing the emission gap between pledged emission reductions under the Cancún Agreements and the 2 °C climate target
Since the climate negotiations in Copenhagen (2009), many countries have pledged to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. These pledges were 'anchored' in the 2010 Cancún Agreements. Since…
The IMAGE Model Suite used for the OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050
In the Environmental Outlook to 2050 from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) a number of scenarios and projection are used which are calculated with the IMAGE model…
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
